Radiant Floor Heating

Concrete floor radiant heating makes floors feel like a sun-drenched beach while saving energy and improving comfort

Heating your home with a forced-air furnace isn't your only option when you have concrete floors. You can save energy and create a healthier, more comfortable living environment by having the floor itself distribute the heat-from the ground up-via a radiant in-floor heating system.

The science behind radiant floor heating is quite simple: Tubes that circulate hot water or electrical heating elements are installed in the concrete slab when it's poured, turning the thermal mass of the concrete into an inconspicuous radiator of warm, even heat. Among the many benefits: Your feet are always toasty warm, the temperature is consistent and easy to control, you won't feel the drafts or hear the noise of blowing air, and no dust or allergens get circulated within your home through air vents. Best of all, you'll typically pay lower utility costs than with a forced-air system, because concrete floor radiant heating consumes less energy to achieve the same level of comfort.

What if you have an existing concrete floor? Radiant heating is still an option. Newer ultra-thin electric heating mats are available that can be embedded in thin-set cement or gypsum overlays, allowing retrofitting over existing slabs without significantly raising the floor height. Here is more information about what radiant in-floor heating is, how it works, the benefits of radiant heat and where to find installers.

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Electric radiant floor heating works well in a small space, but (as you can imagine) becomes prohibitively expensive when used throughout an entire house unless you’re generating most of your power off-the-grid. The final method, hydronic floor heating, uses the same basic principles of traditional radiator heating.

Radiant Heating Information
FAQs about Radiant HeatingGet answers to frequently asked questions about concrete floors with radiant heating.
Radiant Heating MethodsCompare two popular types of radiant heating, water and electric.
Radiant Heat Installation TipsLearn what is required to ensure a successful installation.
Radiant Heat Lowers Energy CostsDiscover the financial benefit of radiant floor heating versus forced air heating.
Cabin Gets Radiant Floors & MoreSee how radiant heating was included in the concrete floors of this West Virginia cabin.
Video: Benefits of Radiant Floor HeatingWatch an overview of the benefits of installing a radiant floor heating system in concrete floors.
Heating

What exactly is radiant energy? Here is an excellent description provided by the Radiant Panel Association: Hold your hand over a cup of coffee and feel the heat. The logical conclusion is that heat rises. Logical maybe, but incorrect!

'Hot air' rises but 'heat' can travel in many directions. That is why you can feel the heat of the coffee cup when you place your hand to the side of it. Radiant energy transfer is caused by a warm surface giving up its heat to a cooler surface.

Consider how the sun (10,000째 F) heats the earth (61째 F ). The sun radiates its energy towards the earth. The radiant energy is absorbed by the earth and is released as heat.

A radiant floor heating system simply radiates heat upward from the floor to provide optimum comfort and many other benefits.

Radiant floor heat systems use solar power to heat water, which is then pumped through your home’s floor. You can use solar-heated water to heat your home off-grid. Radiant heat, without solar, costs much less than forced-air heating for efficiency reasons.

Installing a radiant heat floor system is almost surely not a do-it-yourself project, but it merits elaboration because it’s such a complete and effective way to use solar energy water heating. A snaking closed loop of metal or plastic tubing runs beneath your floor. When hot water flows through the tubing, the heat radiates upward through the floor and into the room.

When you supplement your radiant heat system with a solar water heater, you can drive your heating costs down to nearly nothing. Of course, sunshine isn’t very reliable, particularly on the coldest nights when you most need heat, so you can’t use solar heating exclusively; it can only be a supplement. But it can be very effective. Plus, it’s also the most comfortable way to heat a home.

You can use any type of water heating system with a radiant floor system, but the capacity of hot water that you use goes up dramatically with a radiant heat floor system. So the attraction of a solar system also goes up dramatically, because you get much cheaper hot water per BTU.

At the very least, radiant heating reduces your carbon footprint. When you combine it with solar, the pollution savings can be impressive.

The engineering is complex, and the installation is clearly not for the faint of heart. There are technical problems, of course, but the systems have been in use for a long, long time. New technologies are making these the system of choice for a lot of homes.

Here’s why: With conventional forced-air systems, hot air comes in through the vents and immediately rises to the ceiling. That’s not where you want it, so you need to either pump in more heat than you really need (inefficiency) or use overhead fans to move the air back down (inefficiency). Moving air makes you feel colder, and you get stuck listening to blower noise as a big machine goes on and off all night. Furthermore, heated air dries out very fast, soyour lips dry up, and your skin gets tight.

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With radiant floors, the heat starts at ground level and rises naturally, which is much more efficient.

With radiant floor systems, there’s no blower noise, wind chill is nonexistent, and you don’t have to mess with HVAC filters. The big benefit is that the heat is in the room — the floor and furniture — not just the air. You can adjust your thermostat to a lower temperature in a radiant house and achieve the same comfort level because the floor and furniture are where the heat is. Where you set the thermostat is a question of comfort, not numerical temperature.

If you’re planning on a room addition to your house, consider using a radiant floor in that room. Your existing HVAC system likely won’t have enough capacity to heat an additional room. Adding a solar water heater to your house and using your domestic heater to heat the radiant floor in the addition works wonders, and it’s usually cheaper than adding another small HVAC system.

You can also cool your house with radiant flooring. It doesn’t work quite as well as heating, but if you have solar panels, you can use these at night to cool the water that’s already in the closed loop of the radiant floor system. The reason the collectors will cool is simply because they have so much area, and the heat will escape into the cool, nighttime air. This is especially true if a breeze is blowing.